In one of the most successful efforts to rein in the fast-rising cost of Medicaid, the government health plan for the poor, states are limiting which drugs doctors can prescribe for Medicaid patients.
Two years ago, only three states had authorized the use of lists of preferred drugs for such patients; since then, 19 other states have done so, though not all their programs are up and running, according to the National Conference of State Legislatures.
(…)
Preferred drug lists steer doctors away from some of the most expensive drugs and toward different, less expensive ones that the state deems equally effective, a practice that many private insurance companies and employee health plans have adopted and that is being considered by Congress as part of a government-subsidized drug benefit for 40 million Medicare recipients. Such limits have persuaded pharmaceutical companies to lower the cost to states of some medicines. Doctors who want to deviate from the list must get prior approval, a process whose difficulty varies widely from state to state… NY Times
My state, Massachusetts, is phasing in these controls for MassHealth, its version of Medicaid, and dealing with the prior approval process is arduous enough that it is, within the first month, rapidly reshaping prescribing practices of myself and the colleagues with whom I am talking about the situation. It becomes essentially a case not of ‘preferred’ drugs but mandated ones.
Isn’t this good, you might ask? The cost-containment effort focuses on the impact on the pharmaceutical industry which, it is true, has a captive market for its newest and most expensive medications. But it is the Medicaid patients, not the companies, which are suffering from this regulation, which deprives them of significantly better medications and makes the cost criterion more important than the efficacy or tolerability one. The mental health medications are not at all the focus of the article all about arthritis and gastroesophageal reflux but, at least in Massachusetts, are a major focus of these Medicaid cost containment initiatives. As a psychopharmacologist, I can tell you that the list of mental health drugs a Medicaid patient will end up on is arbitrarily, ludicrously limited. We are rapidly moving toward a two-tier medical system in which those who are poor receive significantly poorer care with virtually no one speaking for them and for whom clinical factors have been virtually neutralized as the decisive factors in their physician’s prescribing choice.
The type of statistical studies showing that, across the population, drug X is as effective as drug Y for a given symptom or disease have nothing to say about the art of prescribing for the individual patient with his or her own unique physiology and treatment history, yet that type of study is the basis for the prescribing restrictions. Especially in mental health care, there has been an explosion in new drug development in the past two decades. While, as I have frequently written here, some of it has been motivated purely by the pharmaceutical industry’s efforts to invent a new twist that will allow them to keep proprietary control over an innovation for the forseeable future, innovation it is new drugs in the antidepressant, antipsychotic and mood stabilizer areas are truly significantly better, and patients on them feel better and do better than on the medications of a generation before whose toll on the body was often worse than the symptoms they were meant to treat. The new Medicaid restrictions do not, to be fair, roll us back all the way to the prior generation, but they do attempt to level the distinctions among the newer drugs, ignoring the subtleties that make for successful prescribing.
The solution, it seems to me, is for the states to take on the pharmaceutical industry and force concessions with respect to their pricing policy, which gouges us all, much in the way activists are going after the obscenity of big pharma’s profiteering on AIDS medications. Attempting to mandate a state-sponsored boycott of their most expensive products will not achieve this. It ends up being just another way in which this society, which should properly be judged by the way it cares for its most unfortunate and least able, comes up wanting.