The evolution of the nomenclature of antipsychotic drugs (.pdf) —
Abstract: “Objective: Psychiatry as a science and psychotherapy as an art thrive on words, words that were often
coined arbitrarily and that are often used idiosyncratically. This article examines the origins, progenitors and
usage of the word “antipsychotic” and explores its ramifications. Methods: Original publications from the
1950s onward, beginning with the report of the discovery of chlorpromazine, were sought for their specific
references to the terminology of drugs used to treat psychotic disorders. Preferences for individual words,
debates surrounding their adoption and changing trends in their use are reviewed from scientific, clinical and
social perspectives. Results: Over the past 50 years the drugs used in the treatment of schizophrenia and
other psychotic disorders have been variously labelled “tranquillizers,” “neuroleptics,” “ataractics,” “antipsychotics”
and “anti-schizophrenic agents.” These terms, coined out of necessity, were quickly accepted with little
debate or due consideration of their clinical, personal and social implications. The development of a new
generation of antipsychotic drugs as well as the prospect of treatment strategies with diverse mechanisms of
action highlight the need to re-examine the issues involved in the naming, classification and labelling of psychotropic
drugs in general and of “antipsychotics” in particular. Conclusion: This historical overview of the
labelling of drugs used in the treatment of psychoses reflects the confusion and controversy surrounding the
naming and classification of drugs and diseases in general. It also illustrates the dynamic interplay of personal
beliefs, rational thinking, practical considerations and societal values in shaping the scientific process.” Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience