There’s a revolution afoot in understanding how antidepressant medications work. Since the brain is largely a black box and an important source of evidence for what’s going on inside the box is what we know about how medications work when they’re fixing dysfunctions, this new and fundamentally different understanding may largely invalidate the “monoamine theory” of depression that has held sway for a half decade and which you certainly learned in school if you took any courses on the biological basis of psychopathology. This paper reviews the new emerging consensus “that depression maybe associated with a disruption of mechanisms that govern cell survival and neural plasticity in the brain. Antidepressants could mediate their effects by increasing neurogenesis and modulating the signaling pathways involved in plasticity and survival.”